Scheme 1. All-in-one immunoassay with an electrochemiluminescence detection operated with a ruthenium complex labeled with an antibody-bound a target antigen.
Scheme 2. All-in-one immunoassay with an electrochemiluminescence detection operated with a gold nanoparticle (Au) labeled with an antibody-bound a target antigen.
Scheme 3. All-in-one immunoassay with an electrochemiluminescence detection operated with a ABEI labeled with an antibody-bound a target antigen.